The Council on Foreign Relations publishes a report analyzing China's use of export controls on rare earths, gallium, and other critical materials from 2023 through 2026, finding that the October 2025 Busan détente did not restore supply to pre-control levels and that Beijing continues to selectively squeeze allies (e.g., Japan). The report argues that supply-side subsidies alone will not break dependence and that coordinated demand-side protections like tariffs and procurement rules are needed. For financial institutions, the analysis suggests that supply-chain disruption risk to defense, semiconductor, and renewable-energy portfolios is structural and not alleviated by current policy frameworks.
328 other tracked developments touching the same claims.